Optics :- Reflection and Refraction Handwritten Notes Pdf for all defence exam

Law of reflection :- 

According to the law of reflection, when light reflects off a surface, the angle of incidence (the angle at which the light hits the surface) equals the angle of reflection (the angle at which the light bounces off the surface). This is represented by the following formula:

θi = θr

where θi is the angle of incidence and θr is the angle of reflection.

The law of reflection is a basic principle of geometry, used to predict the path of light rays bouncing off a surface. This is an important concept in many fields such as optics, engineering, and computer graphics.

Law of refraction :- 

The laws of refraction are physical laws that describe how light and other electromagnetic waves propagate through various media. It is also known as Snell's Law, named after Dutch mathematician Willebrord Snellius, who first described it in the 17th century.

According to the law of refraction, when a wave travels from one medium to another, its speed and wavelength change. This change in speed and wavelength causes the wave to bend and break as it passes through the boundary between the two media. The amount of bending that occurs is determined by the refractive indices of the two media and the angle at which the wave meets the boundary. The law of refraction is mathematically expressed as:

n1sin(θ1) = n2sin(θ2)

n1 and n2 are the refractive indices of the two media.

θ1 and θ2 are the angles of incidence and refraction, respectively.

The law of refraction is important in many fields such as optics, engineering, and medicine. It is used to design lenses, prisms, and other optical devices, and to understand the behavior of light in various media such as water and air.

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