Biological Classification Ncert Notes Pdf SSC CGL / CDS / NDA / CAPF Examination

Biological classification :- 

The process of grouping various organism according to the similarties,dissimilarties and phylogentic descent is known as biological classification.

Hieracy of biological classification :- 

• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species

Classified five kingdom classification :- 

1. Monera
2. Protista
3. Fungi
4. Plantae
5. Animalia  

Kingdom Monera :- 

It can include the all prokaryotes such as bacteria,mycoplasma,actinomycetes and cyanobacteria.

Chracterstics features :- 

• Simplest or primitive cell
• Unicellular Prokaryotes
• DNA is naked
• The flagella if present contain a protein called flagellin.
• Reproduction is by asexual method
• Cellwall contain peptidoglycan and murein ( no cellulose )
• Saprophytic,parastic,chemoautotrophic and symbiotic.

Example :- They can survive extreme range of temperature like up to 78 and 190 degree celcius

Important Chracterstics :-

• Bacteria are found in all kind of habitats (place organism,survive)
• They are prokaryotes microorganism
• They are unicellular
• Cell wall contain peptidoglycan
• All organised nucleus is absent
• Mitochondira,Plastids,Golgi apparatus,endoplasmic all are absent.

Archaebacteria :-

It live in harsh habitats such as extreme salty area,hot spring and marshy areas.

Chracterstics:- 

• They are most primitive prokaryotes
• Most of the archaebacteria,chemoautotrophs
• Their cell walls lack of peptidoglycan.In most cases the wall composed of non cellulosic,polysaccharides and small protein.In some members there is no cell wall

Mycoplasma :-

Mycoplasma is organism that completely lack a cell wall.The organism are often called as mycoplasma or pleuropneoumina like organiosm.

This is very smallest cell ( 0.1 - 0.5 pm).

Kingdom Protista :- 

It can includes all single celled eukaryotes.It was first proposed by the Ernst Haeckel (1866).Kingdom protista includes the following categories such as dinflaggellates,chrysophytes,eglenoids,slimemoulds and protozomes.

Chracterstics :- 

• Mostly aquatic organism some protist also live in bodies of animal as parastia.
• The cell are eurakyotics.They contain membrane bound cell organelles like mitochondira,Golgi complex,endoplasmic,80S ribosomes etc.

Kingdom Fungi :- 

Fungi are cosmopoliton and found everywhere.They are hetrortropic and get the nutrients by absorptions.Their cell wall is made up of chitin or fungal cellulose.Their mode of nutrition is saprophytic,parasitics or symbolic and food reserve is glycogen

Plantae :- 

Mostly autotrophs,chlorophyll containing eukaryotes organism.Some plants are partially heterotrophs such as insectivious and parasites.Kingdom plantae include algae,brokaryotes,Gymnosperms and angisperms.

Animalia :- 

All the heterotropic , eukaryotics and multicellular organism are included in the kingdom animalia,They lack a cell wall.

Viruses :- 

Dimitri lyanousky gave the name virus the causal organism of tobacoomosaic disases.They are acelluloar containing nucleic acid core either (DNA & RNA) which is surrounded by a protein coat called the capsid.Viruses use the host machinery to multiply inside the host cell. They exist in a crystalline from the outside the host cell.

Viriods :-

They are the smallest infectious agent found.They consists of nucleic acid but lack of protein coat.